Classification ntawm hlau silicon

Feem ntau cais raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb lub ntsiab impurities, hlau, txhuas, thiab calcium, muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau silicon tivthaiv. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau, txhuas, thiab calcium hauv hlau silicon, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau qib xws li 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv kev lag luam, silicon hlau feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev txo cov silicon dioxide los ntawm carbon nyob rau hauv lub cub hluav taws xob. Kev sib npaug tshuaj lom neeg yog SiO2 ntxiv rau 2C → Si plus 2CO. Lub purity ntawm silicon tau los ntawm txoj kev no yog 97 ~ 98 feem pua, uas yog hu ua metallic silicon. Tom qab melting thiab recrystallizing, impurities raug tshem tawm nrog cov kua qaub kom tau hlau silicon nrog purity ntawm 99.7-99.8 feem pua ​​.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog silicon, yog li nws muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau silicon. Silicon muaj ob Allotropy, amorphous silicon thiab crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon yog cov hmoov dub grey, uas yog cov khoom siv microcrystalline. Crystalline silicon muaj cov qauv siv lead ua thiab cov khoom semiconductor ntawm pob zeb diamond, melting point 1410 degree, boiling point 2355 degree, Mohs scale hardness 7, thiab yog nkig. Amorphous silicon muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab tuaj yeem hlawv hnyav hauv oxygen. Nws reacts nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau xws li halogen, nitrogen, thiab carbon ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau xws li magnesium, calcium, thiab hlau los tsim cov silicides. Amorphous silicon yuav luag insoluble nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Mineral acid thiab organic acids, xws li hydrofluoric acid, tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv sib xyaw acids ntawm nitric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid. Concentrated sodium hydroxide tov tuaj yeem yaj amorphous silicon thiab tso tawm hydrogen. Crystalline silicon yog qhov tsis ua haujlwm. Nws tsis ua ke nrog cov pa oxygen txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias. Nws kuj yog insoluble nyob rau hauv tej Mineral acid thiab organic acid, tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv sib xyaw acid ntawm nitric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid thiab concentrated sodium hydroxide tov.