1. Cov lus qhia yooj yim
Ferroalloy yog ib qho hlau uas muaj ib lossis ntau dua hlau lossis cov hlau tsis yog hlau thiab cov hlau. Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas lawv muaj, ferroalloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau yam xws li silicon series, manganese series, thiab chromium series. Ferroalloy tsis yog cov khoom siv hlau uas tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha, tab sis feem ntau yog siv los ua deoxidizer thiab alloying tus neeg sawv cev thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking kom tshem tawm cov pa ntau dhau thiab cov sulfur hauv cov hlau molten thiab txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau.
Deoxidizer: Thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking, oxygen tshuab thiab lwm txoj kev yog siv los decarburize cov dej thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem impurities xws li phosphorus thiab sulfur. Cov txheej txheem no yuav ua rau kom cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlau molten. Cov ntsiab lus oxygen ntau dhau yuav txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov hlau. Ntxiv qee cov ntsiab lus uas muaj zog khi nrog cov pa oxygen dua li cov hlau thiab nws cov oxides tau yooj yim tawm ntawm cov hlau molten hauv daim ntawv slag kom tshem tawm cov pa tawm ntawm cov hlau molten. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua deoxidation. Silicon, manganese, thiab chromium alloys yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
Alloying tus neeg sawv cev: Alloying ntsiab tsis tsuas yog txo cov impurity cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv steel, tab sis kuj kho cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm hlau. Cov ntsiab lus los yog cov alloys siv los kho cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau mus rau cov hlau alloy yog hu ua alloying agents. Feem ntau siv cov alloying ntsiab muaj xws li silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, tungsten, cobalt, boron, niobium, thiab lwm yam. Steel qib uas muaj cov alloying sib txawv thiab cov ntsiab lus alloy muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab siv.
Silicon tuaj yeem txhim kho elasticity thiab sib nqus permeability ntawm hlau, yog li thaum smelting steel qauv, cuab yeej steel, caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel thiab silicon steel rau transformers, silicon-raws li alloys yog siv; manganese tuaj yeem txo qhov brittleness ntawm cov hlau, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov hlau, thiab txhim kho lub zog, hardness thiab tsis kam hnav cov hlau. "Tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj manganese". Cov manganese noj los ntawm kev lag luam steel suav rau ntau dua 90% ntawm nws cov khoom tsim tawm. Manganese yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom siv rau kev tsim cov hlau zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov hlau, nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm impurities xws li sulfur thiab oxygen, thiab txhim kho lub cev ntawm cov hlau los ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog, hardness, hnav tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom. Tam sim no, tsis muaj lwm yam khoom uas tuaj yeem hloov lub luag haujlwm ntawm manganese hauv cov txheej txheem steel.
2. Cov khoom siv raw khoom
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoomferrosiliconyog silica, xiav carbon thiab hlau oxide nplai. Ntawm lawv, silica yog lub ntsiab ntawm silicon caij (Si) hauv ferrosilicon; xiav carbon feem ntau yog siv los ua carbonaceous txo tus neeg saib xyuas kom txo cov khoom siv silicon hauv silica; hlau oxide nplai feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hlau los kho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ferrosilicon, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau. cov ntsiab lus, ntxiv rau kev txhawb nqa kev txo qis ntawm silica hauv silica.
Lub ntsiab raw khoom rau zus tau tej covmanganese-silicon alloyyog tsim los ntawm manganese ore, coke, silica, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, manganese ore yog lub ntsiab ntawm manganese keeb (Mn) nyob rau hauv manganese-silicon alloy; coke plays lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj manganese-silicon thiab ferrosilicon, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis; silica yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm silicon caij (Si) hauv manganese-silicon alloy. qhov chaw.
3.Production txheej txheem
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov ferroalloys, thiab feem ntau cov khoom ferroalloy yog tsim los ntawm pyrometallurgy. Raws li cov khoom siv smelting siv, kev khiav hauj lwm txoj kev thiab qhov chaw tshav kub, muaj ntau yam hauv qab no: blast furnace method, electric furnace method (submerged arc furnace), electric furnace method (electric arc furnace), thiab oxygen converter method.
