Ferrophosphorus, raws li "multifunctional alloying auxiliary material" nyob rau hauv metallurgy thiab cov ntaub ntawv, muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb xws li alloying ntxiv dag zog rau, hnav tsis kam optimization, thiab cov txheej txheem adaptation vim nws "txhim khu lub zog ntawm phosphorus keeb". Nws yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam xws li steel, casting, thiab tshuaj lom neeg los txhim kho cov khoom lag luam thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog tsom rau hauv peb qhov loj: kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, kev ua kom zoo dua tus nqi, thiab kev hloov kho qhov xwm txheej.
Txhim kho steel kev ua tau zoo
(I) Txhim kho hardness thiab muaj zog
Ferro phosphorus alloy yog ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem steel ntau lawm ua tus neeg sawv cev alloying, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Thaum phosphorus tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlau lattice, nws yuav ua rau lattice distortion. Los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm lub microscopic, nws zoo li cov pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam atomic tau dhau los ua "neeg coob coob" vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm phosphorus atoms. Qhov no distortion ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv rau dislocation txav. Dislocation yog ib qho tsis xws luag hauv cov ntaub ntawv crystalline, thiab nws txoj kev txav mus ze ze rau qhov deformation ntawm cov khoom. Thaum dislocations nyuaj rau txav, cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam cov yas deformation, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv macroscopic pom tias hardness thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau yog txhim kho. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho steel, qhov tsim nyog ntxiv ntawm ferrophosphorus alloy ua rau cov hlau zoo dua tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev thiab muab cov khoom lav rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub tsev qauv. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim steel nrog qhov tsim nyog ntawm phosphorus- hlau alloy tuaj yeem nce 10% -20%. cov
(II) Txhim kho hnav tsis kam
Rau ntau yam khoom siv tshuab uas yuav tsum tau tiv taus kev sib txhuam tsis tu ncua, xws li crankshafts hauv lub cav tsheb thiab lub zog hauv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab,phosphorus hlau alloysteel yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm phosphorus thiab hlau zoo li cov khoom "tiv thaiv armor" ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau. Thaum cov khoom siv kho tshuab rub tawm ib leeg, qhov "cov cuab yeej" no muaj cov khoom sib txuas tuaj yeem tiv taus hnav. Siv cov tshuab mining ua piv txwv, hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm hnyav, qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm phosphorus- hlau alloy steel yog ob peb zaug siab dua li cov hlau zoo tib yam. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev ua haujlwm, kev hnav tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv mining siv phosphorus- hlau alloy steel tuaj yeem txo tau ntau dua 50%, uas ua rau lub neej ntev kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab txo cov nqi kho thiab hloov cov khoom siv. cov
(III) Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm txiav
Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm mechanical processing, txiav kev ua tau zoo ntawm steel ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom zoo. Qhov ntxiv ntawmFeP hlau nplaumcleverly txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau. Phosphorus hloov cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov hlau thiab txo cov uniformity ntawm steel hardness. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum lub sij hawm txiav cov txheej txheem, qhov kev tiv thaiv tau ntsib los ntawm cov cuab yeej yog sib xws, thiab kev txiav yuav tsis ruaj tsis khov vim qhov sib txawv hauv zos hardness ntau dhau ntawm cov hlau. Cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem ua cov hlau zoo dua, txo cov cuab yeej hnav, thaum txhim kho kev ua tiav thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm. Hauv kev ua cov khoom precision, steel uas muaj ferrophosphorus alloy tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov siab - cov txheej txheem ua tiav, tsim cov khoom nrog qhov ntev thiab qhov siab siab, thiab txo cov seem seem. cov
Optimizing cov txheej txheem steelmaking
(I) Deoxidation
Hauv cov txheej txheem steelmaking, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov hlau molten, vim tias muaj cov pa oxygen yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem rau cov hlau tsis zoo, xws li cov pores, tawg thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Ferrophosphorus alloy plays lub luag haujlwm deoxidizer zoo heev nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam sai sai nrog cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlau molten thiab hloov cov pa oxygen rau hauv oxides. These oxides have a low density and will gradually float to the surface of the molten steel to form slag, which can then be easily removed, significantly improving the purity of the molten steel. Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj deoxidizers ib txwm muaj, ferrophosphorus alloy muaj cov nyhuv deoxidation tseem ceeb, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov hlau molten thiab txo cov ntsiab lus impurity hauv cov hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntsig txog qhia tau tias tom qab deoxidation nrog ferrophosphorus alloy, cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlau molten tuaj yeem txo mus rau 1/3 - 1/2 ntawm qhov qub, tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev tsim cov hlau zoo - zoo. cov
(II) Txhim kho qhov fluidity ntawm molten steel
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem casting, fluidity ntawm molten steel muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov zoo ntawm castings. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ferrophosphorus alloy tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov fluidity ntawm molten hlau. Los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm phosphorus hloov lub cev lub cev ntawm cov hlau molten xws li nto nro thiab viscosity, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov rog hauv cov hlau molten, yog li txhim kho cov kua dej. Thaum tsim cov castings loj thiab nyuaj, zoo molten steel fluidity tuaj yeem xyuas kom meej tias cov hlau molten puv txhua lub ces kaum ntawm cov pwm sib npaug thiab du, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag xws li qhov pores thiab xuab zeb qhov hauv cov castings. Siv cov kev tsim cov kiv cua rau cov nkoj loj ua piv txwv. Cov kiv cua muaj cov duab nyuaj thiab xav tau cov dej ntws zoo heev ntawm cov hlau molten. Cov hlau molten tom qab ntxiv ferrophosphorus alloy tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab zoo ntawm cov kiv cua castings.
Txo cov nqi tsim khoom
(I) Txhim kho kev tsim khoom
Kev txhim kho ntawm steel kev ua tau zoo thiab optimization ntawm steelmaking txheej txheem los ntawm ferrophosphorus alloy indirectly thiab ho txhim kho tag nrho cov efficiency ntawm steel ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub steelmaking theem, nws cov deoxidation npaum thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhim kho cov fluidity ntawm molten steel txo cov teeb meem thiab seem nqi nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, txuag tau ntau lub sij hawm thiab cov kev pab cuam los tuav cov seem thiab daws cov khoom ua tsis tiav. Hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm, kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlau txiav kev ua tau zoo tau nce kev ua haujlwm ceev thiab txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm ib feem. Zuag qhia tag nrho, steel ntau lawm cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tsim nyog ntau dua hauv ib lub sijhawm, txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam. Raws li kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas, tom qab siv ferrophosphorus alloy, kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee cov khoom hlau tuaj yeem ua tau
nce 20%-30%.
(II) Txo cov nqi ntawm cov alloys siv
Phosphorus hlau alloys muaj ntau yam khoom zoo heev, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo qis kev siv lwm yam khoom kim heev alloying hauv qee kis. Kev tsim cov hlau nrog qee lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion raws li ib qho piv txwv, los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab rationally ntxiv phosphorus hlau alloys, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li npib tsib xee thiab chromium tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsim nyog thaum ua kom cov hlau ua tau zoo. Nickel, chromium thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab yog kim, thiab kev txo qis hauv lawv cov kev siv ncaj qha txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom steel, qhov no zoo tswj cov nqi tsim khoom thaum ua kom cov khoom zoo tsis poob qis, thiab txhim kho kev sib tw ntawm cov lag luam hauv kev ua lag luam. cov
Phosphorus hlau alloys ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau. Muaj ntau cov txiaj ntsig uas lawv coj los, xws li kev txhim kho steel kev ua tau zoo, txhim kho cov txheej txheem steelmaking thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom, tau txhawb nqa txoj kev loj hlob ruaj khov thiab kev vam meej ntawm kev lag luam steel thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo - tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim steel.
